| [1] | The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) — China, 2020. China CDC Wkly 2020;2(8):113 − 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2020.032. |
| [2] | Wu ZY, Wang QY, Zhao J, Yang P, McGoogan JM, Feng ZJ, et al. Time course of a second outbreak of COVID-19 in Beijing, China, June-July 2020. JAMA 2020;324(14):1458 − 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.15894. |
| [3] | Yahav D, Yelin D, Eckerle I, Eberhardt CS, Wang JW, Cao B, et al. Definitions for coronavirus disease 2019 reinfection, relapse and PCR re-positivity. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021;27(3):315 − 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.11.028. |
| [4] | Joynt GM, Wu WKK. Understanding COVID-19: what does viral RNA load really mean? Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20(6):635-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30237-1. |
| [5] | Zou LR, Ruan F, Huang MX, Liang LJ, Huang HT, Hong ZS, et al. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N Engl J Med 2020;382(12):1177 − 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2001737. |
| [6] | Chen L, Xiong J, Bao L, Shi Y. Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20(4):398 − 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30141-9. |
| [7] | Li YJ, Ji DP, Cai WY, Hu YY, Bai YY, Wu JG, et al. Clinical characteristics, cause analysis and infectivity of COVID-19 nucleic acid repositive patients: a literature review. J Med Virol 2021;93(3):1288 − 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26491. |
| [8] | Lu J, Peng JJ, Xiong QL, Liu Z, Lin HF, Tan XH, et al. Clinical, immunological and virological characterization of COVID-19 patients that test re-positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. EBioMedicine 2020;59:102960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102960. |
| [9] | Qiao XM, Xu XF, Zi H, Liu GX, Li BH, Du X, et al. Re-positive cases of nucleic acid tests in discharged patients with COVID-19: a follow-up study. Front Med 2020;7:349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00349. |
| [10] | Vargas-Ferrer J, Zamora-Mostacero V. Re-detectable positive RT-PCR test results in recovered COVID-19 patients: the potential role of ACE2. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020;14(4):e36 − 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.276. |
| [11] | Zhu H, Fu LY, Jin YH, Shao JL, Zhang S, Zheng NH, et al. Clinical features of COVID-19 convalescent patients with re-positive nucleic acid detection. J Clin Lab Anal 2020;34(7):e23392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcla.23392. |
| [12] | An JH, Liao XJ, Xiao TY, Qian S, Yuan J, Ye HC, et al. Clinical characteristics of recovered COVID-19 patients with re-detectable positive RNA test. Ann Transl Med 2020;8(17):1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-5602. |
| [13] | Yuan B, Liu HQ, Yang ZR, Chen YX, Liu ZY, Zhang K, et al. Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in recovered COVID-19 patients during medical isolation observation. Sci Rep 2020;10(1):11887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68782-w. |
| [14] | Crawford KHD, Dingens AS, Eguia R, Wolf CR, Wilcox N, Logue JK, et al. Dynamics of neutralizing antibody titers in the months after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection. J Infect Dis 2021;223(2):197 − 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa618. |
| [15] | Wang XL, Guo XH, Xin QQ, Pan Y, Hu YL, Li J, et al. Neutralizing antibody responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in coronavirus disease 2019 inpatients and convalescent patients. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71(10):2688 − 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa721. |
| [16] | Legros V, Denolly S, Vogrig M, Boson B, Siret E, Rigaill J, et al. A longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients reveals a high correlation between neutralizing antibodies and COVID-19 severity. Cell Mol Immunol 2021;18(2):318 − 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00588-2. |
| [17] | Wang PF, Liu LH, Nair MS, Yin MT, Luo Y, Wang Q, et al. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses are more robust in patients with severe disease. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020;9(1):2091 − 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1823890. |
| [18] | Osman AA, Al Daajani MM, Alsahafi AJ. Re-positive coronavirus disease 2019 PCR test: could it be a reinfection? New Microbes New Infect 2020;37:100748.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100748. |
| [19] | Meyerowitz EA, Richterman A, Gandhi RT, Sax PE. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a Review of viral, host, and environmental factors. Ann Intern Med 2021;174(1):69 − 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M20-5008. |
| [20] | Avanzato VA, Matson MJ, Seifert SN, Pryce R, Williamson BN, Anzick SL, et al. Case study: prolonged infectious SARS-CoV-2 shedding from an asymptomatic immunocompromised individual with cancer. Cell 2020;183(7):1901 − 12.e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.049. |
| [21] | Choi B, Choudhary MC, Regan J, Sparks JA, Padera RF, Qiu XT, et al. Persistence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunocompromised host. N Engl J Med 2020;383(23):2291 − 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2031364. |
| [22] | Marks M, Millat-Martinez P, Ouchi D, Roberts CH, Alemany A, Corbacho-Monné M, et al. Transmission of COVID-19 in 282 clusters in Catalonia, Spain: a cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2021;21(5):629 − 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30985-3. |